ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Functional ankle instability [FAI] as giving away after recurrent sprains is the most common disabling complications of ankle sprain among athletes
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of core stability exercises and neuromuscular exercises on dynamic baknce and lower limb function of athletes with functional ankle instability
Material and Methods: Hence, 36 athlete women with FAI selected purposively by functional ankle tool questionnaire were assigned randomly to a control group [n=12], core stability group [n=12] and neuromuscular group [n=12]
Exercise groups performed 6 weeks of supervised core and neuromuscular training programs for 3 days per week. Before and after performing 6 weeks of core and neuromuscular exercises, dynamic balance, subjective and objective function of participants were assessed respectively by y-balance test, foot and ankle ability measure and 8 hopping test. Gathered data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and MANCOVAtestat significant level of p<0.05
Results: Research findings showed significant improvement in reach distance in three different directions of the y-balance test in the experimental groups compared with control group [P <0.05]. In addition, exercise groups had significant improvement in FAAM and FAAM Sport scores and 8 hop test scores compared with control group [P <0.05]
Nonetheless, there was no significant difference between the effects of these two exercise protocols on dynamic balance and lower limb function
Conclusion: Six weeks progressive supervised core stability and neuromuscular training programs significantly improved measured dynamic balance and lower limb function of athletes with FAI, but these two different exercise protocols had the same effects in improvement of these mentioned factors in athletes with functional ankle instability
ABSTRACT
Given the high prevalence and high mortality of cardiovascular disease, special attention should be paid to its treatment. Currently, the main treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction is restoring blood flow by dissolving the clot. In addition to this basic treatment, several pharmacologic agents have been studied during the past years. In this paper, clinical trials about glucose-insulin-potassium are discussed in addition to adjuvant treatment which has been suggested in recent years. All studies published in journals or presented at scientific conferences were searched in Elsevier, PubMed, Cochrane, and SID databases using relevant keywords. After quality control, eligible articles were included in the study. The results of this review article showed that studies on the effects of glucose-insulin-potassium treatment on mortality, cardiac enzyme levels, left ventricular ejection fraction, ST resolution, and inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers have been conflicting. But, generally, evidence from newer studies conducted on larger numbers of patients has shown ineffectiveness of glucose-insulin-potassium therapy. Currently, glucose-insulin-potassium therapy should not be recommended as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy
ABSTRACT
Due to high kinetic variation of antiepileptic medications in children, judgment on the efficacy of intravenous phenytoin and phenobarbital in treatment of refractory status epilepsy, requires measurement of serum levels of the drugs. The aim of this study was determine and compare serum levels of phenytoin and phenobarbital, as the two major and common first- line drugs in treatment of children with status epilepsy and refractory status epilepsy. Serum levels of phenytoin and phenobarbital in 20 children [1 month - 12 years] with refractory status epilepsy [candidates for midazolam infusion] was compared with 20 children with status epilepsy. Age, gender, etiology, type of seizure and previous use of antiepileptic drugs were matched. In patients with status epilepsy and refractory status epilepsy mean serum levels of phenobarbital were 28.03 +/- 12.7 microg/ml, 37.22 +/- 20.78 microg/ml respectively while serum levels of phenytoin were 30.38 +/- 16.80 micro g/ml, 31.42 +/- 14.81 microg/ml respectively. There was no significant difference between phenobarbital [P=0.1] and phenytoin [P=0.8] serum levels in these two groups. There was no significant correlation between phenobarbital serum level with age in the group of status epilepsy [P=0.1] and refractory status epilepsy [P=0.8]. In contrast, increased phenytoin serum level was associated with increased age in status epilepsy group [P=0.004] and refractory status epilepsy group [P=0.01]. In both groups, blood level of the drugs were within the therapeutic range. High pharmacokinetic variation of antiepileptic medications in children does not cause any changes in the serum level of intravenous phenytoin and phenobarbital in the groups of status epilepsy and refractory status epilepsy. Development of refractory status epilepsy is probably due to the nature of disease or other unknown factors which need further studies